Happy new year physics, 'If' it is true that the V2 is the square of the escape velocity that would suggest that a galaxy with an escape velocity of approximately 548 km/s (the square root of C) would have an infinitely high V2 Lorentz factor, This applies only to its V2. Its V1 would have a low Lorentz factor, I'm going to need to scratch my head for a bit and figure out what is subject to V1 and what is subject to V2. Obviously light would be V1 as would be 'some' of the motion. I guess the stuff that can move faster than normal would be V1 and the stuff that's not moving as much as it should would be V2 That's the tricky bit.
Dr. Susskind I have a small question to place to you. For some years I have been conjecturing about the possibility that for each Black Hole we may have its counterpart a Worm Hole. What is your oppinion ? I am doing an work that points to this relation.
For some years ago I have been thinking that we can´t think about a Black Hole without thinking about its counterpart a Worm Hole. For me they are strongly associated. I have arrived to this conclusion due to a work on these entities. What do you have to tell me about this ?
Calculating trajectories in special relativity, I have a smal problem with initial conditions where the particle is at rest. It does not start to move as the experience is when releasing an apple in mid air.
I have two queries regarding the basic postulates of Quantum Mechanics
1) As per Uncertainty Principle, position & momentun of a particle can never be measured precisely & simultaneously. Is this principle signify HUMAN's unability of measuring precisely & simultanously.
2) Why wave function is probabilistic not deterministic
I'm working on using better terminology than what I've been using previously and I'll try to tie my previous thoughts together into one future post. From here on out I'll call V1 'Velocity' and V2 'Gravitational velocity' with Gravitational velocity being the equivalent of velocity in the same way gravitational acceleration is the equivalent of acceleration. I would also like to add that gravitational velocity is rotationally invariant in terms of position about its centre of mass. I'm also going to need to start chiming in with my unified theory to explain the square to square root relationship and the general geometry of the two types of space we live in, so there might be a few more ramblings to come before I can pull these thoughts together
Dear sir, i like to say that having watched your unprepared lecture on blackholes and hologram have given given me hope to be able to share something i have found,you spoke of B and A and their entanglement. The question is we can check the info of B but not ofA i think that i have solved part of that problem .through a series of what seemed coincidences i discovered a pattern. This pattern revealed that the measurable universe and its laws are a logically flowing from A, but due to having shared some of it previously and having been taken as their own i do not wish to share it publicly at this point as some have been taken by some popular lecturers as their own so if interested please mail me personaly so i may share it. Moshiya888@hotmail.com
Could dark matter be for gravity what a magnet is for e-m. ? I mean, a charge in motion generates a magnetic field which interacts with other charged particles in motion. What about a mass in motion? Does it also create a secondary field other than gravity which affects other massive particles in the nearby? (I used the analogy with magnetic fields and found out that it should have units of 1/s, such as the Hubble parameter). If so, nature itself created the magnet (Ferrite), could it be that dark matter is the "gravitational" magnet? If such thing would exits I think it should be literally invisible and it would have the effect of "gravity" for objects in motion, not for static ones.
Dear Mr. Susskind. First of all thanks a lot for giving these lectures. I've watched a lot them and it's been real fun! I have a question that puzzles me since years. I hope it's physical enough and not too philosophical. It's about quantum mechanics and it's about what exactly the reason is, why a quantum theory cannot be formulated with either classic laws or at least classic probabilities. Here's my understanding... 1) There's a class of experiments like measuring the spin of an electron along an axis that only give binary answers like totally "up" or totally "down" 2) Repeating exactly the same experiment might give a different answer It follows that the behavior of the electron cannot be deduced from a single experiment. Instead one has to do many experiments and the relative numbers of ups and downs give a probability. It then follows that one invents a theory that describes these probabilities as good as possible and the result are quantum mechanic probabilities, which are not even like classical probabilities (Bell's theorem violated, etc.). But what, if some day in the future, someone could measure a new, so far undiscovered, "thing", e.g. a new property of elementary particles or a new field or whatever. If it turned out that this new "thing" was not binary but real-numbered and if it turned out that this new "thing" determined whether the spin at the end of the experiment was up or down, wouldn't it then be possible to throw away quantum mechanic probabilities and come back to a theory that is either totally classic or at least only involves classic probabilities? To put the question another way: Apart from the observational fact (which I of course accept), that spin measurements so far only give binary answers, is there any other logical argument that would prevent a future experiment from bringing particle physics back to classical physics or at least to classical probabilities? Thanks Volker
Is it a coincidence that there are the same number of constraints in the Riemannian integral(cosmology course) as there are group particles in the Standard Model SUSY and Grand Unificaiton course)?
Great work! I am in high school and i am making a paper about special relativity. I was a bit confused when Susskind suddenly made a 'guess' while we were deriving. Thanks for posting the missing links! I have a question though: When it came to measuring the relative velocity between frame3 and frame1, Susskind said that you could just add the hyperbolic angle that corresponds with the relative velocity between frame2 and frame1, to the to the hyperbolic angle of frame 3 to frame 2. I made an example but i did not end up with a propper answer: (v= 3, ...m/s) Could someone work out the right solution to the folowing exmple? The relative velocity between a train and it's station is 2/3 of the speed of light. In the train is a car. The car and the train have a ralative velocity of 2/3 of the speed of light in the same direction as the velocity from the train relative to the station ( this to disclaim that the car might be standing still relative to the station. What is the velocity of the car relative to the station? Thanks in advance to the person who solves this :)
I just solved the example i posted earlier today: If a train moves with 2/3 of te speed of light(c) relative to a station and inside the train is a car that also moves with 2/3 c relative to the train(in the same direction as the movement of the train), then how fast is this car moving relative to the station? In this calculation omega is represented by @. The formula's i can be found in Susskinds lecture about special relativity that was uploaded to YouTube on 15-07-2008. He said he left it as an exercise. For those of you who didn't manage to solve it(like me until this morning), Here ya go :)
I would like to ask you for a way to understand the Doppler shift from the point of view of photons. It would seem one can have any photon energy one wishes merely by changing the relative velocity between the photon source and the photon detector. If an interaction is required to change the photon energy, how would you describe the interactions in the case of Doppler shifts.?
Dr. Susskind , antiparticle and particle both are formed in space everywhere as Stephen hawking said and then annihilate then this process requires energy to form particle and antiparticle?also which particle and antiparticle is formed?
sir the carnot cycle is an idealised cycle and it was suppossed to be reversible..the refrigerator concept was based on this assumption of reversibility...yet refrigerators has been made in reality..how is that possible??
I am trying to get a better understanding of quantum mechanics and your book Quantum Mechanics The theoretical minimum and your lectures in the subject have made this possible. Thank You. My question is the equation in page 285. How is the second equation derived from the first? How can Fi(x,t)be equal to both these equations?
I understand that one of the things that raises some physicists eyebrows about the Holographic Principle is that it maps information from 3 spatial dimensions onto a 2-dimensional surface.
I am perplexed as to why only 3 dimensions are considered ... if M-Theory is correct, then wouldn't information from the 11 dimensions of subatomic strings have to be mapped as well?
Would 11-dimensional gravitons (if they in fact exist) also be part of the information stored on the 2-dimensional surface like everything else?
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Dear proffessor Susskind, I follow your video lessons with enthousiasm.I also read your books the theoretical minimum. I have a question about timelike and spacelike lecture 3 (about 12 minutes)special relativity.In the one case you can always find a lorentz transormtion to describe the particle motion and in the other case it is not possible.I don't understand why. I also have another question.Is'nt it so that our solar system is a physical system where information travels instantaniously,F=ma requires no time.If this is true than signals travel much much faster than light. Thank you very much in advance. Thank you again for your lectures,without them i couldn't have study eventhough there are some good books out there ex. Fleisch's student guide to vectors and tensors.Gilbert Strangs linear algebra and others. Best Regards Meir Krukowsky
Dear Professor Susskind can you please post the youtube subtitles in the lessons of the latest physics courses on the internet who have none? Thank you
I hope you doing okay, I have been following your lecture videos on youtube for Cosmology, I have a question when you want to solve a(t) in-terms of w, where w=w(t) in other words it is not constant it varies with time. the w(t) from the EoS(Equation of State). please help Prof OR anyone who can be able to help please help me. simther4111@gmail.com that's my email address.
I hope you doing okay, I have been following your lecture videos on youtube for Cosmology, I have a question when you want to solve a(t) in-terms of w, where w=w(t) in other words it is not constant it varies with time. the w(t) from the EoS(Equation of State). please help Prof OR anyone who can be able to help please help me. simther4111@gmail.com that's my email address.
Black Holes as neutrino factories? Yes. Here's a specific mechanism by which Black Holes could emit neutrinos (and evaporate in the process). http://www.math-math.com/2016/08/how-black-holes-could-be-neutrino.html
I took calc, linear algebra and diff eq 35 years ago and then pursued a career out of science. Would like to learn about tensors to understand Professor Susskinds GR lectures. Tried Schaum's outline but it's too shallow. Can anyone recommend a good tensor calculus textbook? Thanks.
Heisenberg was out for a Sunday drive when he was pulled over by a police officer. The officers asked "do you know how fast you were going?" Heisenberg answer, "no I do not know how fast I was going, but I do know where I am at."
How many quantum physicists does it take to change a light bulb. One: one to turn the bulb, one to hold the ladder and three to renomalize the wave equation.
Three quarks walked into a bar together. (Of course they did, it has far, far, far too long ago when it was warm enough for them to walk in independently.)
Rene Descartes (a philosopher, but also a contributor to physics) was in a bar doing the two things he liked best: drinking beer and philosophysing. At closing the bar tender asked if he wanted a final drink. Descartes said: "I think not." With that, poof, he disappeared.
Hello sir. i actually have a question from cosmology. it is believed that before the existence of this vast universe it was in a form of nutshell. this concept given by the big bang theory confuses me a lot. I actually have a question that if the universe existed in the form of nutshell then on what did the nutshell shaped universe stood upon or existed in? Hope you will solve my problem. Sincerely, Gunjan Luitel Grade- XI Capital College and Research centre Kathmandu, Nepal
Hello Professor Leonard Susskind:) Is it possible for strong and weak energy to vary? Is this why the corona to be hotter than the surface of the sun? Is it possible for particle strings to be made up of virtual particles?
Hello Professor Leonard Susskind:) Is it possible for strong and weak energy to vary? Is this why the corona to be hotter than the surface of the sun? Is it possible for particle strings to be made up of virtual particles?
When you say that 3-D reality has emerged from 2-D hologram, is it necessary to be located on a black holes, which is not verifiable, and not useful for our daily life.
Can't it be that the hologram is imprinted on electron , protons and neutrons itself. Why can't a finite area contain an infinite number of space (i.e. lines).
What do you think about it?
So if we have infinite numbers of lines on surface of particle (say like bunch of steel rods of infinitesimal size), it can continuously come out as perpendicular field out from the surface thus creating 3-D reality like a cage is made from steel rods. Bunch of steel rods do have a small volume, but the cage will have increased volume.
What is the exact problem with such reasoning about the nature of hologram.
Regards
Tufail Abbas Independence Researcher of Physical Significance
I would like to know whether or not the following idea has any merit: The Quantum Mechanics Problem
The time "now" can never be determined exactly and that is the real problem we are trying to explain with quantum mechanics. It seems to us, living in a predominantly macro world that we know exactly when "now" is. If you really understand Einstein's theory of special relativity, you know that time cannot be considered separately from space and that fact proves, at least in my mind, that there is never, for any more than one location at a time an instant that can be described as "now". Once we were able to observe nature on a small enough scale, the problem of determining "now" reared its ugly head. In any one experiment there is always two locations involved. One location is the observer and the other location is the location of what he is observing. The observers time "now" can never be determined to be the same as the time "now" at the location of the experiment. Everything in the universe is moving and it is moving very fast for any observer that is separated any "appreciable" distance away from what he is observing. "Appreciable" is the key word here. The more closely we examine nature the smaller "appreciable" becomes. Consider the motions I am talking about here: the velocity of a point on our earth's equator is moving one thousand miles an hour with respect to the center of the earth, the earth is rotating around our sun with a velocity of 18.5 miles per second, the solar system is rotating around the center of our galaxy at a rate of 140 miles per second, our galaxy is moving toward the center of the local group of galaxies at 25 miles per second, and the local group of galaxies is believed to be moving towards the constellation Hydra at a speed of 370 miles per second. I believe that these velocities are "appreciable" enough to affect our measurements of submicroscopic events because our "local" is no longer local enough. Probabilities are our only way.
@Michael Garofano - The spacetime on the interior of a black hole's event horizon is flat - much like what we see in the universe around us. There's a lot more to it than just that ( stuff which I don't understand, like projections from lower-dimensional spaces ), but yeah actually the inside of the universe looks quite a bit like the inside of a black hole going backwards in time.
@Donald Bradford - Black holes are more than just "really small, dense, compact balls of matter". They compress matter to an actual, zero-dimensional point, which is what we call the "singularity". It's not merely very dense, but infinitely dense. The problem with information loss arises when you realize that something infinitely dense will begin to curve spacetime discontinuously, to the point where greater than infinite energy is required to reverse the path of a particle entering its vicinity. When a particle crosses the event horizon of a black hole, the singularity ceases to be a point in space, it is a point in the future of that particle; the singularity is a time, not a place. So it's totally impossible for anything that passes through the event horizon to exit back into the spacetime from which it originated, and so any information that it was carrying, such as electric charge, is totally lost. For example, if a balloon with some positive static charge +Q enters the black hole, the black hole's mass will increase by an amount equal to the balloon's mass, and the black hole's electric charge will likewise become +Q (assuming it started electrically neutral). Then suppose that an otherwise identical balloon with a charge -Q enters the black hole. The black hole now carries no charge and has a mass that is two balloons greater than it was previously. If someone came along who hadn't observed this, they would have no idea that this had happened, and could never tell. Perhaps the black hole collapsed from a quadrillion balloons, or the same mass in feathers, you can't know unless you already recorded the information.
hello professor Susskind, in your lecture of special relativity you multiplied c^2 with m for balancing dimensions in mc^2 + mv^2/2 but why you specifically selected c and if there are any other alternative solution than what's the other solution?
Professor Susskind thank you and Stanford University for providing the You Tube lectures. They are great.
I do have a question on the cosmology lectures. In several of the lectures you discuss the young universe rolling down a potential energy plateau as it e-folded. What happened to the inflation field after the university went off the potential energy cliff (reheating)? I read that it morphed into matter like particulates forming from a saturated solution. Or did it just go to 0?
Also when in this process did the Higgs field appear? Is there a connection between the Higgs and inflation fields>
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I have a question. Why we have much space than matter. Second question is can we equate the Newtonian Energy With Relativist Energy. Fxd=mc^2 which leads to v=c*lnt by integration where t is unit less. if we put into Lorentz transformation t=to/sqrt(1-c^2lnt^2/c^2)---which leads to t=to/sqrt(1-2lnt) as non-dimensionality of denominator will remain there.
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Recently unruh effect has been discovered so is that a consequence of invariant nature of 4 vectors or is it experimental and also does it produce some possibilities for development in quantum gravity and particle physics
1，Special relativity says that objects cannot move faster than the speed of light. Unless it's something like quantum communication, and in quantum mechanics, when you think about wave-particle duality, an electron can be thought of as a particle, which is generally, very few people think of as a wave. The transition of electrons between orbitals outside the nucleus gives me a sense of momentary motion. The speed of the electronic motion seems to be infinite. It is almost worthy of being fined by the traffic police. I wonder if this idea can be applied to quantum communication. Think of the movie company WALDEN MEDIA's logo, a rock bouncing on a lake. What if electronic communication and quantum communication could be combined? Unless the electron's velocity doesn't seem infinite.1、狭义相对论认为物体的运动速度不能超过光速。除非是量子通信那种东西，而在量子力学中，考虑波粒二象性的话，电子可以被认为是一个粒子，一般都是，很少有人当作波。电子在原子核外的轨道间的跃迁，给我一种有瞬间运动的感觉。电子运动的速度似乎是无限的，简直是该被交通警察罚款。我想知道这个想法是否可以用于量子通讯，想想这个电影公司WALDEN MEDIA的logo，一块石头在湖面上弹跳。如果把电子通信技术和量子通信做到结合会怎样?除非电子的速度似乎也不是无限的。
1，Special relativity says that objects cannot move faster than the speed of light. Unless it's something like quantum communication, and in quantum mechanics, when you think about wave-particle duality, an electron can be thought of as a particle, which is generally, very few people think of as a wave. The transition of electrons between orbitals outside the nucleus gives me a sense of momentary motion. The speed of the electronic motion seems to be infinite. It is almost worthy of being fined by the traffic police. I wonder if this idea can be applied to quantum communication. Think of the movie company WALDEN MEDIA's logo, a rock bouncing on a lake. What if electronic communication and quantum communication could be combined? Unless the electron's velocity doesn't seem infinite.1、狭义相对论认为物体的运动速度不能超过光速。除非是量子通信那种东西，而在量子力学中，考虑波粒二象性的话，电子可以被认为是一个粒子，一般都是，很少有人当作波。电子在原子核外的轨道间的跃迁，给我一种有瞬间运动的感觉。电子运动的速度似乎是无限的，简直是该被交通警察罚款。我想知道这个想法是否可以用于量子通讯，想想这个电影公司WALDEN MEDIA的logo，一块石头在湖面上弹跳。如果把电子通信技术和量子通信做到结合会怎样?除非电子的速度似乎也不是无限的。
1，Special relativity says that objects cannot move faster than the speed of light. Unless it's something like quantum communication, and in quantum mechanics, when you think about wave-particle duality, an electron can be thought of as a particle, which is generally, very few people think of as a wave. The transition of electrons between orbitals outside the nucleus gives me a sense of momentary motion. The speed of the electronic motion seems to be infinite. It is almost worthy of being fined by the traffic police. I wonder if this idea can be applied to quantum communication. Think of the movie company WALDEN MEDIA's logo, a rock bouncing on a lake. What if electronic communication and quantum communication could be combined? Unless the electron's velocity doesn't seem infinite.1、狭义相对论认为物体的运动速度不能超过光速。除非是量子通信那种东西，而在量子力学中，考虑波粒二象性的话，电子可以被认为是一个粒子，一般都是，很少有人当作波。电子在原子核外的轨道间的跃迁，给我一种有瞬间运动的感觉。电子运动的速度似乎是无限的，简直是该被交通警察罚款。我想知道这个想法是否可以用于量子通讯，想想这个电影公司WALDEN MEDIA的logo，一块石头在湖面上弹跳。如果把电子通信技术和量子通信做到结合会怎样?除非电子的速度似乎也不是无限的。
1，Special relativity says that objects cannot move faster than the speed of light. Unless it's something like quantum communication, and in quantum mechanics, when you think about wave-particle duality, an electron can be thought of as a particle, which is generally, very few people think of as a wave. The transition of electrons between orbitals outside the nucleus gives me a sense of momentary motion. The speed of the electronic motion seems to be infinite. It is almost worthy of being fined by the traffic police. I wonder if this idea can be applied to quantum communication. Think of the movie company WALDEN MEDIA's logo, a rock bouncing on a lake. What if electronic communication and quantum communication could be combined? Unless the electron's velocity doesn't seem infinite.1、狭义相对论认为物体的运动速度不能超过光速。除非是量子通信那种东西，而在量子力学中，考虑波粒二象性的话，电子可以被认为是一个粒子，一般都是，很少有人当作波。电子在原子核外的轨道间的跃迁，给我一种有瞬间运动的感觉。电子运动的速度似乎是无限的，简直是该被交通警察罚款。我想知道这个想法是否可以用于量子通讯，想想这个电影公司WALDEN MEDIA的logo，一块石头在湖面上弹跳。如果把电子通信技术和量子通信做到结合会怎样?除非电子的速度似乎也不是无限的。
I like this but I don't understand why the three-body problem (in general N-body problem)- can not analytically be solved, I mean what is, say in the equation of motion (F=ma), preventing us to determine exact solutions to the equation. Please let me about it.
I have been watching your physics videos for over 2 years. I wished I had a physics professor like you at university. You make physics fun. I bought most of your books.
Michael McKenney https://wp.scsiraidguru.com mike.mckenney@scsiraidguru.com scsiraidguru@gmail.com
Good morning Sir Sir I have been watching your videos since a year. Sir I claim to find a formula which will help us to move through different black holes, with further research I have also discovered formulas which will help to us to form man made wormholes, I have other research work done too where I have made a structure of a machine which will help us to overcome the problem of radioactivity. So Sir can you please help me in bringing these formulas in front of the whole world and with all due respect can you please check my research work personally. It will be a great help form your side. Thank You Bhvansh
283 comments:
«Oldest ‹Older 201 – 283 of 283Happy new year physics, 'If' it is true that the V2 is the square of the escape velocity that would suggest that a galaxy with an escape velocity of approximately 548 km/s (the square root of C) would have an infinitely high V2 Lorentz factor, This applies only to its V2. Its V1 would have a low Lorentz factor, I'm going to need to scratch my head for a bit and figure out what is subject to V1 and what is subject to V2. Obviously light would be V1 as would be 'some' of the motion. I guess the stuff that can move faster than normal would be V1 and the stuff that's not moving as much as it should would be V2 That's the tricky bit.
WR VandenBos
Dr. Susskind I have a small question to place to you. For some years I have been conjecturing about the possibility that for each Black Hole we may have its counterpart a Worm Hole. What is your oppinion ?
I am doing an work that points to this relation.
Dear Leonard Susskind
For some years ago I have been thinking that we can´t think about a Black Hole without thinking about its counterpart a Worm Hole. For me they are strongly associated.
I have arrived to this conclusion due to a work on these entities.
What do you have to tell me about this ?
Sincerely
Severiano
Calculating trajectories in special relativity, I have a smal problem with initial conditions where the particle is at rest. It does not start to move as the experience is when releasing an apple in mid air.
something seems missing.
Dear Professor,
I have two queries regarding the basic postulates of Quantum Mechanics
1) As per Uncertainty Principle, position & momentun of a particle can never be measured precisely & simultaneously. Is this principle signify HUMAN's unability of measuring precisely & simultanously.
2) Why wave function is probabilistic not deterministic
Regards,
Samik Sarkar
I'm working on using better terminology than what I've been using previously and I'll try to tie my previous thoughts together into one future post. From here on out I'll call V1 'Velocity' and V2 'Gravitational velocity' with Gravitational velocity being the equivalent of velocity in the same way gravitational acceleration is the equivalent of acceleration. I would also like to add that gravitational velocity is rotationally invariant in terms of position about its centre of mass. I'm also going to need to start chiming in with my unified theory to explain the square to square root relationship and the general geometry of the two types of space we live in, so there might be a few more ramblings to come before I can pull these thoughts together
WR VandenBos
Dear sir, i like to say that having watched your unprepared lecture on blackholes and hologram have given given me hope to be able to share something i have found,you spoke of B and A and their entanglement. The question is we can check the info of B but not ofA i think that i have solved part of that problem .through a series of what seemed coincidences i discovered a pattern. This pattern revealed that the measurable universe and its laws are a logically flowing from A, but due to having shared some of it previously and having been taken as their own i do not wish to share it publicly at this point as some have been taken by some popular lecturers as their own so if interested please mail me personaly so i may share it. Moshiya888@hotmail.com
Could dark matter be for gravity what a magnet is for e-m. ? I mean, a charge in motion generates a magnetic field which interacts with other charged particles in motion. What about a mass in motion? Does it also create a secondary field other than gravity which affects other massive particles in the nearby? (I used the analogy with magnetic fields and found out that it should have units of 1/s, such as the Hubble parameter). If so, nature itself created the magnet (Ferrite), could it be that dark matter is the "gravitational" magnet? If such thing would exits I think it should be literally invisible and it would have the effect of "gravity" for objects in motion, not for static ones.
Dear Mr. Susskind.
First of all thanks a lot for giving these lectures. I've watched a lot them and it's been real fun!
I have a question that puzzles me since years. I hope it's physical enough and not too philosophical.
It's about quantum mechanics and it's about what exactly the reason is, why a quantum theory cannot be formulated with either classic laws or at least classic probabilities. Here's my understanding...
1) There's a class of experiments like measuring the spin of an electron along an axis that only give binary answers like totally "up" or totally "down"
2) Repeating exactly the same experiment might give a different answer
It follows that the behavior of the electron cannot be deduced from a single experiment. Instead one has to do many experiments and the relative numbers of ups and downs give a probability. It then follows that one invents a theory that describes these probabilities as good as possible and the result are quantum mechanic probabilities, which are not even like classical probabilities (Bell's theorem violated, etc.).
But what, if some day in the future, someone could measure a new, so far undiscovered, "thing", e.g. a new property of elementary particles or a new field or whatever. If it turned out that this new "thing" was not binary but real-numbered and if it turned out that this new "thing" determined whether the spin at the end of the experiment was up or down, wouldn't it then be possible to throw away quantum mechanic probabilities and come back to a theory that is either totally classic or at least only involves classic probabilities?
To put the question another way: Apart from the observational fact (which I of course accept), that spin measurements so far only give binary answers, is there any other logical argument that would prevent a future experiment from bringing particle physics back to classical physics or at least to classical probabilities?
Thanks
Volker
Is it a coincidence that there are the same number of constraints in the Riemannian integral(cosmology course) as there are group particles in the Standard Model SUSY and Grand Unificaiton course)?
Hey Lenny,
Great work! I am in high school and i am making a paper about special relativity. I was a bit confused when Susskind suddenly made a 'guess' while we were deriving. Thanks for posting the missing links!
I have a question though:
When it came to measuring the relative velocity between frame3 and frame1, Susskind said that you could just add the hyperbolic angle that corresponds with the relative velocity between frame2 and frame1, to the to the hyperbolic angle of frame 3 to frame 2. I made an example but i did not end up with a propper answer: (v= 3, ...m/s)
Could someone work out the right solution to the folowing exmple?
The relative velocity between a train and it's station is 2/3 of the speed of light. In the train is a car. The car and the train have a ralative velocity of 2/3 of the speed of light in the same direction as the velocity from the train relative to the station ( this to disclaim that the car might be standing still relative to the station. What is the velocity of the car relative to the station?
Thanks in advance to the person who solves this :)
regards from Holland,
Bart
I just solved the example i posted earlier today: If a train moves with 2/3 of te speed of light(c) relative to a station and inside the train is a car that also moves with 2/3 c relative to the train(in the same direction as the movement of the train), then how fast is this car moving relative to the station?
In this calculation omega is represented by @. The formula's i can be found in Susskinds lecture about special relativity that was uploaded to YouTube on 15-07-2008. He said he left it as an exercise. For those of you who didn't manage to solve it(like me until this morning), Here ya go :)
cosh@= 1/(1-(2c/3)^2/c^2)^(1/2)
cosh@= 1/0,7453....
= 1,3416....
@= inverse cosh(1,3416....)
= 0,8047....
2*0,8047....=1,6094....
cosh(1,6094....)= 1/(1-v^2/c^2)^(1/2)
(1-v^2/c^2)^(1/2)= 1/2.5999....
(1-v^2/c^2)^(1/2)= 0,3846....
1-v^2/c^2= 0,1479....
1-0,1479....-v^2/c^2= 0
v^2/c^2= 0,8520....
v^2= c^2*0,8520....
= 7,6580....*10^16
v= (7,6580....*10^16)^(1/2)
v= 2,7673....*10^8
I would like to ask you for a way to understand the Doppler shift from the point of view of photons. It would seem one can have any photon energy one wishes merely by changing the relative velocity between the photon source and the photon detector. If an interaction is required to change the photon energy, how would you describe the interactions in the case of Doppler shifts.?
Dr. Susskind , antiparticle and particle both are formed in space everywhere as Stephen hawking said and then annihilate then this process requires energy to form particle and antiparticle?also which particle and antiparticle is formed?
Could Time be the Torch that lights the Hologram???
Dear Sir,
Could time be the torch that lights the Hologram?????
sir the carnot cycle is an idealised cycle and it was suppossed to be reversible..the refrigerator concept was based on this assumption of reversibility...yet refrigerators has been made in reality..how is that possible??
I am trying to get a better understanding of quantum mechanics and your book Quantum Mechanics The theoretical minimum and your lectures in the subject have made this possible. Thank You.
My question is the equation in page 285. How is the second equation derived from the first? How can Fi(x,t)be equal to both these equations?
How can we consider the surface of a black hole as a hologram representing the interior if it is so chaotic?
Dear Professor,
I understand that one of the things that raises some physicists eyebrows about the Holographic Principle is that it maps information from 3 spatial dimensions onto a 2-dimensional surface.
I am perplexed as to why only 3 dimensions are considered ... if M-Theory is correct, then wouldn't information from the 11 dimensions of subatomic strings have to be mapped as well?
Would 11-dimensional gravitons (if they in fact exist) also be part of the information stored on the 2-dimensional surface like everything else?
A Lapsed Physicist.
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Dear proffessor Susskind,
I follow your video lessons with enthousiasm.I also read your books the theoretical minimum.
I have a question about timelike and spacelike lecture 3 (about 12 minutes)special relativity.In the one
case you can always find a lorentz transormtion to describe the particle motion and in the other case it is not
possible.I don't understand why.
I also have another question.Is'nt it so that our solar system is a physical system where information travels
instantaniously,F=ma requires no time.If this is true than signals travel much much faster than light.
Thank you very much in advance.
Thank you again for your lectures,without them i couldn't have study eventhough there are some good
books out there ex. Fleisch's student guide to vectors and tensors.Gilbert Strangs linear algebra and others.
Best Regards
Meir Krukowsky
TESTING
Dear Professor Susskind can you please post the youtube subtitles in the lessons of the latest physics courses on the internet who have none? Thank you
Dear Prof
I hope you doing okay, I have been following your lecture videos on youtube for Cosmology, I have a question when you want to solve a(t) in-terms of w, where w=w(t) in other words it is not constant it varies with time. the w(t) from the EoS(Equation of State). please help Prof OR anyone who can be able to help please help me. simther4111@gmail.com that's my email address.
Dear Prof
I hope you doing okay, I have been following your lecture videos on youtube for Cosmology, I have a question when you want to solve a(t) in-terms of w, where w=w(t) in other words it is not constant it varies with time. the w(t) from the EoS(Equation of State). please help Prof OR anyone who can be able to help please help me. simther4111@gmail.com that's my email address.
Black Holes as neutrino factories? Yes.
Here's a specific mechanism by which Black Holes could emit neutrinos (and evaporate in the process).
http://www.math-math.com/2016/08/how-black-holes-could-be-neutrino.html
I took calc, linear algebra and diff eq 35 years ago and then pursued a career out of science. Would like to learn about tensors to understand Professor Susskinds GR lectures. Tried Schaum's outline but it's too shallow. Can anyone recommend a good tensor calculus textbook?
Thanks.
Hi,
I think the site you were probably intending to set up would have needded software for a forum, rather than a blog.
But my question. I was just wondering why the phrase "relativistic mass" has gone out of favour.
Wouldn't the CBR be the first "thing" to go over the 'Horizon' ?
Wouldn't the CBR be the first "thing" to go over the 'Horizon' ?
Heisenberg was out for a Sunday drive when he was pulled over by a police officer. The officers asked "do you know how fast you were going?" Heisenberg answer, "no I do not know how fast I was going, but I do know where I am at."
There is a hotel near the Stanford physics dept that has a sign over one of the beds that says: "Heisenberg may have slept here."
How many quantum physicists does it take to change a light bulb. One: one to turn the bulb, one to hold the ladder and three to renomalize the wave equation.
Why did the chicken cross the road? Whether the chicken crossed the road or the road crossed the chicken depends upon your frame of reference.
Three quarks walked into a bar together. (Of course they did, it has far, far, far too long ago when it was warm enough for them to walk in independently.)
Rene Descartes (a philosopher, but also a contributor to physics) was in a bar doing the two things he liked best: drinking beer and philosophysing. At closing the bar tender asked if he wanted a final drink. Descartes said: "I think not." With that, poof, he disappeared.
A neutron walked into a bar and ordered a beer. He asked how much he owed. The bartender said: "for you, no charge."
A proton walked into a bar and ordered a beer. The bartender asked if he was sure. The proton said: "i am positive."
Hello sir. i actually have a question from cosmology. it is believed that before the existence of this vast universe it was in a form of nutshell. this concept given by the big bang theory confuses me a lot.
I actually have a question that if the universe existed in the form of nutshell then on what did the nutshell shaped universe stood upon or existed in?
Hope you will solve my problem.
Sincerely,
Gunjan Luitel
Grade- XI
Capital College and Research centre
Kathmandu, Nepal
I would also like you to give some tips on my time theory on the-time-theory.blogspot.com
thank you
Hello Professor Leonard Susskind:)
Is it possible for strong and weak energy to vary? Is this why the corona to be hotter than the surface of the sun? Is it possible for particle strings to be made up of virtual particles?
Hello Professor Leonard Susskind:)
Is it possible for strong and weak energy to vary? Is this why the corona to be hotter than the surface of the sun? Is it possible for particle strings to be made up of virtual particles?
Hello Professor,
When you say that 3-D reality has emerged from 2-D hologram, is it necessary to be located on a black holes, which is not verifiable, and not useful for our daily life.
Can't it be that the hologram is imprinted on electron , protons and neutrons itself. Why can't a finite area contain an infinite number of space (i.e. lines).
What do you think about it?
So if we have infinite numbers of lines on surface of particle (say like bunch of steel rods of infinitesimal size), it can continuously come out as perpendicular field out from the surface thus creating 3-D reality like a cage is made from steel rods. Bunch of steel rods do have a small volume, but the cage will have increased volume.
What is the exact problem with such reasoning about the nature of hologram.
Regards
Tufail Abbas
Independence Researcher of Physical Significance
I would like to know whether or not the following idea has any merit:
The Quantum Mechanics Problem
The time "now" can never be determined exactly and that is the real problem we are trying to explain with quantum mechanics. It seems to us, living in a predominantly macro world that we know exactly when "now" is. If you really understand Einstein's theory of special relativity, you know that time cannot be considered separately from space and that fact proves, at least in my mind, that there is never, for any more than one location at a time an instant that can be described as "now". Once we were able to observe nature on a small enough scale, the problem of determining "now" reared its ugly head. In any one experiment there is always two locations involved. One location is the observer and the other location is the location of what he is observing. The observers time "now" can never be determined to be the same as the time "now" at the location of the experiment. Everything in the universe is moving and it is moving very fast for any observer that is separated any "appreciable" distance away from what he is observing. "Appreciable" is the key word here. The more closely we examine nature the smaller "appreciable" becomes. Consider the motions I am talking about here: the velocity of a point on our earth's equator is moving one thousand miles an hour with respect to the center of the earth, the earth is rotating around our sun with a velocity of 18.5 miles per second, the solar system is rotating around the center of our galaxy at a rate of 140 miles per second, our galaxy is moving toward the center of the local group of galaxies at 25 miles per second, and the local group of galaxies is believed to be moving towards the constellation Hydra at a speed of 370 miles per second. I believe that these velocities are "appreciable" enough to affect our measurements of submicroscopic events because our "local" is no longer local enough. Probabilities are our only way.
Where, were you , Leonard, on Sept 11, 2001? Will you be real , and address the "official story"?
Where, were you , Leonard, on Sept 11, 2001? Will you be real , and address the "official story"?
Where, were you , Leonard, on Sept 11, 2001? Will you be real , and address the "official story"?
Where, were you , Leonard, on Sept 11, 2001? Will you be real , and address the "official story"?
@Michael Garofano - The spacetime on the interior of a black hole's event horizon is flat - much like what we see in the universe around us. There's a lot more to it than just that ( stuff which I don't understand, like projections from lower-dimensional spaces ), but yeah actually the inside of the universe looks quite a bit like the inside of a black hole going backwards in time.
@Donald Bradford - Black holes are more than just "really small, dense, compact balls of matter". They compress matter to an actual, zero-dimensional point, which is what we call the "singularity". It's not merely very dense, but infinitely dense. The problem with information loss arises when you realize that something infinitely dense will begin to curve spacetime discontinuously, to the point where greater than infinite energy is required to reverse the path of a particle entering its vicinity. When a particle crosses the event horizon of a black hole, the singularity ceases to be a point in space, it is a point in the future of that particle; the singularity is a time, not a place. So it's totally impossible for anything that passes through the event horizon to exit back into the spacetime from which it originated, and so any information that it was carrying, such as electric charge, is totally lost. For example, if a balloon with some positive static charge +Q enters the black hole, the black hole's mass will increase by an amount equal to the balloon's mass, and the black hole's electric charge will likewise become +Q (assuming it started electrically neutral). Then suppose that an otherwise identical balloon with a charge -Q enters the black hole. The black hole now carries no charge and has a mass that is two balloons greater than it was previously. If someone came along who hadn't observed this, they would have no idea that this had happened, and could never tell. Perhaps the black hole collapsed from a quadrillion balloons, or the same mass in feathers, you can't know unless you already recorded the information.
hello professor Susskind, in your lecture of special relativity you multiplied c^2 with m for balancing dimensions in mc^2 + mv^2/2 but why you specifically selected c and if there are any other alternative solution than what's the other solution?
Professor Susskind thank you and Stanford University for providing the You Tube lectures. They are great.
I do have a question on the cosmology lectures. In several of the lectures you discuss the young universe rolling down a potential energy plateau as it e-folded.
What happened to the inflation field after the university went off the potential energy cliff (reheating)? I read that it morphed into matter like particulates forming from a saturated solution. Or did it just go to 0?
Also when in this process did the Higgs field appear? Is there a connection between the Higgs and inflation fields>
Dave Tatterson
Placitas New Mexico
What is the thickness of the present time?
Hello,
Have a Happy Day. I just want to say your article is so amazing. your writing style looking so clean and clear which is increase reader readability. Thanks... Have a look on PC Security Threats to protect your computer.
Dear Prof. Susskinds.
I have a question. Why we have much space than matter. Second question is can we equate the Newtonian Energy With Relativist Energy. Fxd=mc^2 which leads to v=c*lnt by integration where t is unit less. if we put into Lorentz transformation t=to/sqrt(1-c^2lnt^2/c^2)---which leads
to t=to/sqrt(1-2lnt) as non-dimensionality of denominator will remain there.
hello
Very nice article, it will be really helpful for Medical Scholarship Exam in India.
Is there any difference of energy, required to move two entangled particles vs two non entangled particles and what is the difference ?
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Respected sir
Can you tell me the mathematical formulations that led to unruh effect
Recently unruh effect has been discovered so is that a consequence of invariant nature of 4 vectors or is it experimental and also does it produce some possibilities for development in quantum gravity and particle physics
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1，Special relativity says that objects cannot move faster than the speed of light. Unless it's something like quantum communication, and in quantum mechanics, when you think about wave-particle duality, an electron can be thought of as a particle, which is generally, very few people think of as a wave. The transition of electrons between orbitals outside the nucleus gives me a sense of momentary motion. The speed of the electronic motion seems to be infinite. It is almost worthy of being fined by the traffic police. I wonder if this idea can be applied to quantum communication. Think of the movie company WALDEN MEDIA's logo, a rock bouncing on a lake. What if electronic communication and quantum communication could be combined? Unless the electron's velocity doesn't seem infinite.1、狭义相对论认为物体的运动速度不能超过光速。除非是量子通信那种东西，而在量子力学中，考虑波粒二象性的话，电子可以被认为是一个粒子，一般都是，很少有人当作波。电子在原子核外的轨道间的跃迁，给我一种有瞬间运动的感觉。电子运动的速度似乎是无限的，简直是该被交通警察罚款。我想知道这个想法是否可以用于量子通讯，想想这个电影公司WALDEN MEDIA的logo，一块石头在湖面上弹跳。如果把电子通信技术和量子通信做到结合会怎样?除非电子的速度似乎也不是无限的。
1，Special relativity says that objects cannot move faster than the speed of light. Unless it's something like quantum communication, and in quantum mechanics, when you think about wave-particle duality, an electron can be thought of as a particle, which is generally, very few people think of as a wave. The transition of electrons between orbitals outside the nucleus gives me a sense of momentary motion. The speed of the electronic motion seems to be infinite. It is almost worthy of being fined by the traffic police. I wonder if this idea can be applied to quantum communication. Think of the movie company WALDEN MEDIA's logo, a rock bouncing on a lake. What if electronic communication and quantum communication could be combined? Unless the electron's velocity doesn't seem infinite.1、狭义相对论认为物体的运动速度不能超过光速。除非是量子通信那种东西，而在量子力学中，考虑波粒二象性的话，电子可以被认为是一个粒子，一般都是，很少有人当作波。电子在原子核外的轨道间的跃迁，给我一种有瞬间运动的感觉。电子运动的速度似乎是无限的，简直是该被交通警察罚款。我想知道这个想法是否可以用于量子通讯，想想这个电影公司WALDEN MEDIA的logo，一块石头在湖面上弹跳。如果把电子通信技术和量子通信做到结合会怎样?除非电子的速度似乎也不是无限的。
1，Special relativity says that objects cannot move faster than the speed of light. Unless it's something like quantum communication, and in quantum mechanics, when you think about wave-particle duality, an electron can be thought of as a particle, which is generally, very few people think of as a wave. The transition of electrons between orbitals outside the nucleus gives me a sense of momentary motion. The speed of the electronic motion seems to be infinite. It is almost worthy of being fined by the traffic police. I wonder if this idea can be applied to quantum communication. Think of the movie company WALDEN MEDIA's logo, a rock bouncing on a lake. What if electronic communication and quantum communication could be combined? Unless the electron's velocity doesn't seem infinite.1、狭义相对论认为物体的运动速度不能超过光速。除非是量子通信那种东西，而在量子力学中，考虑波粒二象性的话，电子可以被认为是一个粒子，一般都是，很少有人当作波。电子在原子核外的轨道间的跃迁，给我一种有瞬间运动的感觉。电子运动的速度似乎是无限的，简直是该被交通警察罚款。我想知道这个想法是否可以用于量子通讯，想想这个电影公司WALDEN MEDIA的logo，一块石头在湖面上弹跳。如果把电子通信技术和量子通信做到结合会怎样?除非电子的速度似乎也不是无限的。
1，Special relativity says that objects cannot move faster than the speed of light. Unless it's something like quantum communication, and in quantum mechanics, when you think about wave-particle duality, an electron can be thought of as a particle, which is generally, very few people think of as a wave. The transition of electrons between orbitals outside the nucleus gives me a sense of momentary motion. The speed of the electronic motion seems to be infinite. It is almost worthy of being fined by the traffic police. I wonder if this idea can be applied to quantum communication. Think of the movie company WALDEN MEDIA's logo, a rock bouncing on a lake. What if electronic communication and quantum communication could be combined? Unless the electron's velocity doesn't seem infinite.1、狭义相对论认为物体的运动速度不能超过光速。除非是量子通信那种东西，而在量子力学中，考虑波粒二象性的话，电子可以被认为是一个粒子，一般都是，很少有人当作波。电子在原子核外的轨道间的跃迁，给我一种有瞬间运动的感觉。电子运动的速度似乎是无限的，简直是该被交通警察罚款。我想知道这个想法是否可以用于量子通讯，想想这个电影公司WALDEN MEDIA的logo，一块石头在湖面上弹跳。如果把电子通信技术和量子通信做到结合会怎样?除非电子的速度似乎也不是无限的。
Nice Blog. Thanks for sharing with us. Such amazing information.
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Dear Professor Susskind, when will the book on General Relativity be published??
I like this but I don't understand why the three-body problem (in general N-body problem)- can not analytically be solved, I mean what is, say in the equation of motion (F=ma), preventing us to determine exact solutions to the equation. Please let me about it.
I have been watching your physics videos for over 2 years. I wished I had a physics professor like you at university. You make physics fun. I bought most of your books.
Michael McKenney
https://wp.scsiraidguru.com
mike.mckenney@scsiraidguru.com
scsiraidguru@gmail.com
Good morning Sir
Sir I have been watching your videos since a year.
Sir I claim to find a formula which will help us to move through different black holes, with further research I have also discovered formulas which will help to us to form man made wormholes, I have other research work done too where I have made a structure of a machine which will help us to overcome the problem of radioactivity.
So Sir can you please help me in bringing these formulas in front of the whole world and with all due respect can you please check my research work personally.
It will be a great help form your side.
Thank You
Bhvansh
Hi sir, lots of love for you, i wrote an article and wanted to share it with you. here it is:
https://nature-is-alive-and-conscious.blogspot.com/2022/08/nature-is-alive-and-conscious-entity.html
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